新增 SpaceBookingDbContext 類別及其配置
新增 `SpaceBookingDbContext` 類別，繼承自 `DbContext`，定義了 `Departments`、`Roles` 和 `Accounts` 資料集。實作模型配置方法以設定資料表名稱、主鍵、欄位屬性及外鍵關聯。覆寫 `SaveChanges` 和 `SaveChangesAsync` 方法，自動更新 `UpdatedAt` 欄位的時間戳記，確保 `CreatedAt` 在新增時不被修改。
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using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;
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using Models.Entities;
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using XisongSpaceBooking_BackEnd.Models.Entities;
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namespace XisongSpaceBooking_BackEnd.Configurations
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{
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/// <summary>
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/// 空間預約系統的資料庫內容類別
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/// </summary>
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public class SpaceBookingDbContext : DbContext
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{
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public SpaceBookingDbContext(DbContextOptions<SpaceBookingDbContext> options) : base(options)
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{
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}
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/// <summary>
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/// 處室資料集
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/// </summary>
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public DbSet<DepartmentEntity> Departments { get; set; }
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/// <summary>
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/// 身份資料集
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/// </summary>
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public DbSet<RoleEntity> Roles { get; set; }
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/// <summary>
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/// 帳號資料集
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/// </summary>
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public DbSet<AccountEntity> Accounts { get; set; }
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protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder modelBuilder)
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{
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base.OnModelCreating(modelBuilder);
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// 配置 Department 實體
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ConfigureDepartment(modelBuilder);
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// 配置 Role 實體
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ConfigureRole(modelBuilder);
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// 配置 Account 實體
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ConfigureAccount(modelBuilder);
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}
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/// <summary>
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/// 配置 Department 實體
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/// </summary>
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/// <param name="modelBuilder">模型建構器</param>
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private static void ConfigureDepartment(ModelBuilder modelBuilder)
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{
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var entity = modelBuilder.Entity<DepartmentEntity>();
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// 設定資料表名稱
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entity.ToTable("departments");
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// 設定主鍵
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entity.HasKey(d => d.DepartmentId);
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entity.Property(d => d.DepartmentId)
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.HasColumnName("department_id")
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.ValueGeneratedOnAdd()
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.HasComment("處室 ID");
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// 設定處室名稱
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entity.Property(d => d.DepartmentName)
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.HasColumnName("department_name")
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.HasMaxLength(20)
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.IsRequired()
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.HasComment("處室名稱");
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}
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/// <summary>
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/// 配置 Role 實體
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/// </summary>
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/// <param name="modelBuilder">模型建構器</param>
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private static void ConfigureRole(ModelBuilder modelBuilder)
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{
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var entity = modelBuilder.Entity<RoleEntity>();
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// 設定資料表名稱
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entity.ToTable("roles");
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// 設定主鍵
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entity.HasKey(r => r.RoleId);
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entity.Property(r => r.RoleId)
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.HasColumnName("role_id")
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.ValueGeneratedOnAdd()
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.HasComment("身份 ID");
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// 設定身份名稱
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entity.Property(r => r.RoleName)
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.HasColumnName("role_name")
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.HasMaxLength(20)
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.IsRequired()
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.HasComment("身份名稱");
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}
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/// <summary>
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/// 配置 Account 實體
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/// </summary>
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/// <param name="modelBuilder">模型建構器</param>
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private static void ConfigureAccount(ModelBuilder modelBuilder)
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{
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var entity = modelBuilder.Entity<AccountEntity>();
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// 設定資料表名稱
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entity.ToTable("accounts");
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// 設定主鍵
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entity.HasKey(a => a.AccountId);
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entity.Property(a => a.AccountId)
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.HasColumnName("account_id")
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.ValueGeneratedOnAdd()
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.HasComment("帳號 ID");
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// 設定使用者姓名
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entity.Property(a => a.Name)
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.HasColumnName("name")
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.HasMaxLength(20)
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.IsRequired()
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.HasComment("使用者姓名");
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// 設定帳號名稱（唯一）
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entity.Property(a => a.Username)
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.HasColumnName("username")
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.HasMaxLength(20)
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.IsRequired()
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.HasComment("帳號名稱");
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// 設定密碼
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entity.Property(a => a.Password)
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.HasColumnName("password")
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.HasMaxLength(255)
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.IsRequired()
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.HasComment("密碼（加密）");
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// 設定電子郵件（唯一）
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entity.Property(a => a.Email)
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.HasColumnName("email")
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.HasMaxLength(50)
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.IsRequired()
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.HasComment("電子郵件");
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// 設定處室 ID（外鍵）
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entity.Property(a => a.DepartmentId)
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.HasColumnName("department_id")
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.IsRequired()
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.HasComment("處室 ID");
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// 設定身份 ID（外鍵）
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entity.Property(a => a.RoleId)
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.HasColumnName("role_id")
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.IsRequired()
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.HasComment("身份 ID");
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// 設定帳號狀態（轉換為字串儲存）
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entity.Property(a => a.Status)
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.HasColumnName("status")
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.HasConversion(
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v => v.ToString().ToLower(),
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v => Enum.Parse<AccountStatus>(v, true))
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.HasMaxLength(20)
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.HasDefaultValue(AccountStatus.Unverified)
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.IsRequired()
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.HasComment("帳號狀態");
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// 設定 BaseEntity 屬性
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entity.Property(a => a.CreatedAt)
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.HasColumnName("created_at")
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.HasDefaultValueSql("CURRENT_TIMESTAMP")
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.IsRequired()
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.HasComment("建立時間");
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entity.Property(a => a.UpdatedAt)
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.HasColumnName("updated_at")
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.ValueGeneratedOnUpdate()
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.HasComment("更新時間");
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entity.Property(a => a.ModifiedBy)
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.HasColumnName("modified_by")
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.IsRequired(false)
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.HasComment("最後修改者帳號 ID");
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// 設定唯一索引
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entity.HasIndex(a => a.Username)
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.IsUnique()
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.HasDatabaseName("IX_accounts_username");
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entity.HasIndex(a => a.Email)
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.IsUnique()
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.HasDatabaseName("IX_accounts_email");
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// 設定外鍵關聯
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entity.HasOne(a => a.Department)
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.WithMany()
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.HasForeignKey(a => a.DepartmentId)
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.OnDelete(DeleteBehavior.Restrict)
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.HasConstraintName("FK_accounts_departments");
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entity.HasOne(a => a.Role)
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.WithMany()
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.HasForeignKey(a => a.RoleId)
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.OnDelete(DeleteBehavior.Restrict)
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.HasConstraintName("FK_accounts_roles");
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// 設定自參考外鍵（ModifiedBy）
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entity.HasOne<AccountEntity>()
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.WithMany()
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.HasForeignKey(a => a.ModifiedBy)
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.OnDelete(DeleteBehavior.SetNull)
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.HasConstraintName("FK_accounts_modified_by");
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}
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/// <summary>
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/// 覆寫 SaveChanges 以自動更新 UpdatedAt 欄位
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/// </summary>
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public override int SaveChanges()
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{
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UpdateTimestamps();
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return base.SaveChanges();
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}
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/// <summary>
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/// 覆寫 SaveChangesAsync 以自動更新 UpdatedAt 欄位
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/// </summary>
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public override async Task<int> SaveChangesAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken = default)
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{
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UpdateTimestamps();
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return await base.SaveChangesAsync(cancellationToken);
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}
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/// <summary>
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/// 更新時間戳記
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/// </summary>
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private void UpdateTimestamps()
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{
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var entries = ChangeTracker.Entries<BaseEntity>();
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foreach (var entry in entries)
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{
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switch (entry.State)
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{
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case EntityState.Added:
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entry.Entity.UpdatedAt = DateTime.UtcNow;
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break;
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case EntityState.Modified:
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entry.Entity.UpdatedAt = DateTime.UtcNow;
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// 確保 CreatedAt 不會被修改
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entry.Property(e => e.CreatedAt).IsModified = false;
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break;
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}
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}
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}
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}
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}
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